Paul Manata (right), Kevin Corcoran (left) and David Chalmers engage in a discussion during the workshop.
“Consciousness is hard to define. You rapidly find yourself going around in a circle,” said David Chalmers, world-renowned philosopher of consciousness. “Some would say a being is conscious if there is something it’s like to be that being. There’s something it’s like to be me and something it’s like to be you.”
These words kicked off the recent workshop called the Conscious Persons Project, held at Calvin April 23-25. Organized by Calvin College professor of philosophy Kevin Corcoran and Eric LaRock, a philosophy professor at Oakland University, the workshop was intended to explore views “on the nature of consciousness and its relation to that roughly three-pound mass of pinkish gray matter between our ears,” as Corcoran explained.
Exploring with the best
Chalmers, the headliner of the workshop, gave the opening and closing lectures. As distinguished professor of philosophy and director of the Centre for Consciousness at Australian National University and professor of philosophy and co-director of the Center for Mind, Brain and Consciousness at New York University, he was one of the dozen scholars from around the world, many from top-ranked graduate programs in philosophy, who came together to discuss topics of consciousness at the workshop.
“It’s not unusual for this to happen at a big research university,” said Corcoran. “But it’s a pretty big deal for a small college like Calvin to attract an event like this.”
In addition, half of the primary participants were women, a trend Corcoran hopes to continue to see at analytic philosophy conferences and workshops like this one. “Valerie Hardcastle of the University of Cincinnati is a huge name in consciousness studies. We’ve also got two junior faculty who are women, one from the University of York in the UK and one from the University of Michigan-Flint,” he said.
“There are brilliant women in the various areas of analytic philosophy, so it just seems right that they be represented at our own workshop. And the junior faculty who were here are super impressive.”
A student weighs in
Also at the table was Calvin philosophy student, Paul Manata. Pleased and impressed with Manata as a student, Corcoran invited him to co-author a paper to present at the workshop. “The philosophers who were there are stars in the world of consciousness studies and professors in the best graduate programs,” Corcoran said. “So I just thought that it would be a great opportunity for Paul to mix it up with some very influential people.”
The format of the workshop allowed an hour for each participant to introduce the paper they wrote, that the other participants had read ahead of time, and then receive feedback. “Paul and I will take notes and take what comments or criticisms that we think are helpful, and later we’ll revise the paper in light of that feedback and hopefully get it published. That’s the idea with all the papers,” explained Corcoran.
Manata valued the opportunity to hear directly from the expert philosophers, especially since they had spent time with the paper and the ideas ahead of time. “Those comments are always the best, the most incisive and rigorous,” he said.
Collaboration with professors
For an undergraduate student like Manata to work side-by-side with a professor and rub shoulders with top scholars in the field is a rare opportunity. “I have a lot of friends that are in top philosophy programs across the country and a lot of their professors don’t even know their names,” he said. “They definitely don’t get to work with their professors in a close way, especially to actually work together on a project.”
And Corcoran is quick to point out that this type of student-professor collaboration is not unique to the philosophy department at Calvin. “Lots of the departments at Calvin have faculty who are very active in their disciplines and who open themselves to student involvement and that’s a huge thing,” said Corcoran. “At a top research university, those faculty are going to be working with graduate students but not with undergrad students. I don’t care how good you are, it just doesn’t happen.”
Learning through doing
Such an opportunity has enhanced Manata’s education, giving him new insight into a field that he hopes to pursue through the PhD level. “You get to learn both through observation and hands-on experience how to write better, how to think better and how to raise your ideas better,” Manata said. “Being able to write well and explain your ideas well is key in philosophy.”
“I loved witnessing how philosophers argued against the various papers, the kinds of criticisms that they raised and the ways they raised them,” Manata said. “I was able to learn by example, getting to see some of the best philosophers in the business doing what they do best.”
